LOS AMIGOS HIGH SCHOOL
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
Unit XII: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION (1517-1607)
Causes of the Protestant Reformation (307-309 &
354-356)
Modern Devotion, Benefice system
LITERATURE:
Praise
of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus
GUIDED
READING QUESTIONS:
- Who were the Lollards and the Hussites? What, specifically, did they advocate?
- Why did the guilds typically favor the Protestant
Reformation?
- What
did the Modern Devotion
hope to achieve?
- "The
sale of indulgences would not end until rulers found new ways to profit from
religion,
and the laity found a more effective
popular remedy for religious anxiety." How would the
Reformation resolve both of these
issues?
Martin Luther and the German Reformation (356-364 & 370-371)
indulgences, Ninety-Five Theses, Diet of Worms, Edict of Worms, Diet
of Augsburg,
Schmalkaldic League, Augsburg Confession, Peace of Passau, Peace of Augsburg,
LITERATURE: *not in
flash-cards
*Address
to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation by Martin Luther
*Babylonian
Captivity of the Church by Martin
Luther
Christian
Liberty (aka Freedom of a
Christian) by Martin Luther
GUIDED
READING QUESTIONS:
- Unlike
France and England, why was Germany unable to enforce national religious
reforms
during the late Middle Ages?
- What
did Luther mean by "justification by
faith alone?"
-
How did the 1519 election of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor aid the
Reformation?
-
Why did Martin Luther condemn the Peasants' Revolt of
1524-1525, and what impact would
his condemnation of the revolt have on
the Reformation?
-
To which region of Europe did Lutheranism
first spread outside of Germany?
-
Why did Poland become a model of religious pluralism and toleration in the
second half of
the sixteenth century?
PEOPLE:
Martin
Luther Johann Tetzel H.R.E.
Charles V
Radical Protestantism (364-370)
Marburg
Colloquy, Schleitheim
Confession
LITERATURE: *not in
flash-cards
*The
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
Institutes
of the Christian Religion by John
Calvin
GUIDED
READING QUESTIONS:
- Why
were the Anabaptists
unsatisfied with the reforms of Luther and Zwingli?
- Describe
the Anabaptist community at MŸnster. Why did the Anabaptists seek to
separate
themselves from society?
- What
were the basic beliefs of the Spiritualists and the Anti-Trinitarians?
- How
were John Calvin's beliefs influenced by his personal, "mature theology?"
- In
what ways did Calvin and his followers intend to morally transform society in
Geneva,
and how did they go about doing so?
- How,
and in what ways, did Geneva become a religious beacon and a refuge for Europe?
PEOPLE:
Ulrich Zwingli Conrad Grebel Michael Servetus
The Henrican Reformation (371-374)
English
Reformation, Convocation, Reformation
Parliament, Henrican Reformation,
Act of Succession
of 1534, Act of Supremacy of 1534,
Church
of England,
Dissolution
of the Monasteries, Edwardian
Reformation, Act of Uniformity of 1552
LITERATURE: *not in
flash-cards
*In
Defense of the Seven Sacraments by
King Henry VIII of England
GUIDED
READING QUESTIONS:
- Why
was King Henry VIII awarded the title "Defender of the Faith" by Pope
Leo X?
- Why
was Henry's chief advisor, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, unable to secure an annulment
of Henry's marriage to Catherine?
- Identify
the actions which were undertaken by the "Reformation Parliament," between
1529-1538, against the Catholic Church
in England?
- Why
did Henry order the executions of Sir Thomas More and the Bishop of Rochester,
John Fisher?
- Why
did Henry marry his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves?
- How
did Henry's Ten Articles of 1536 and the Six Articles of 1539
help maintain
Catholic doctrine in a country filled
with Protestant sentiment?
PEOPLE:
King Henry VIII Thomas Wolsey Thomas More
Catherine of Aragon Thomas Cranmer Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard
The Edwardian Reformation and the Marian Reaction (374 & 402-403)
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
- Identify
the actions which were undertaken during the reign of Edward VI to fully enact
the Protestant Reformation in England?
- Why
was Lady Jane Grey brought to the English throne, and then why was she removed
within days of her crowning?
- Describe
Queen Mary's domestic religious policies. How did she earn her nickname,
"Bloody
Mary?"
Catholic Reform and the Counter-Reformation (374-377)
Counter-Reformation, Society of Jesus
(Jesuits), Scholasticism
LITERATURE:
Spiritual
Exercises by Ignatius of Loyola
GUIDED
READING QUESTIONS:
- Why
did pre-Reformation popes resist efforts for Church reform?
- Despite
papal foot-dragging, intra-Church reform groups did emerge. Identify these groups
and what each of these groups sought to
accomplish.
- What
did the report of the Church's own reform commission chair, Gasparo Contarini,
cite as
the primary source of the Church's loss
of esteem? How did Pope Paul and
the Protestant
reformers react to Contarini's report?
- In
what ways did the Council
of Trent differ from Medieval Church councils, which
nationality dominated the council, and
who did and did not have voting rights at the council?
- Identify
the specific reforms of internal church discipline which were made by the
Council of
Trent.
- In
what ways did the Council of Trent's decision to not make a single doctrinal
concession
reaffirm the traditional doctrine of
the Church? (Identify the specific
doctrines which this
decision reaffirmed).
- How
did the Council of Trent resolve Medieval Scholastic quarrels over theology?
- Why
were the reform of the Council of Trent initially resisted by European rulers,
and how
was the Church able to overcome this
resistance?
PEOPLE:
Ignatius of Loyola Pope Paul III
The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe
(377-381 & 384-386)
LITERATURE *not
in flash-cards
Don
Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes
Richard
III by William Shakespeare
*Hamlet by William Shakespeare
*Othello by William Shakespeare
*King
Lear by William Shakespeare
*Macbeth by William Shakespeare
*Romeo
and Juliet by William Shakespeare
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
- In
what ways were Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin political conservatives?
- Draw
a T-diagram comparing religious life in the 15th century with religious life in
the 16th
century.
- In
what ways did humanism and the Reformation compliment one another? How did Ignatius
of Loyola address the close connection
between the two in "Spiritual Exercises"?
- How
did Luther and Melanchthon, together, attempt to reform educational practices?
- In
what ways did the Reformation change:
1) attitudes toward
women? 2) the rights of
women? 3) the
educational expectations of women?
- What were the major influences on 16th and 17th
century Spanish literature? How
did these
influences influence the work of Cervantes - in particular, in his novel
Don Quixote?
- What influence would history and politics have on
the plays of William Shakespeare?
PEOPLE:
Philip
Melanchthon Miguel de Cervantes William Shakespeare
Chart of the
Origins of Modern Christianity