LOS AMIGOS HIGH SCHOOL
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
Unit
XV: THE NAPOLEONIC AGE (1799-1815)
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Consulate (628-630)
The Napoleonic Wars, The Treaty of Campo
Formio, The Organic Articles of 1802
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. What was the chief danger faced by the government of the Directory in the wake
of the
excesses
of the Reign of Terror? Which
groups supported a restoration of the Bourbon
monarchy? How did the Directory deal with its
opponents?
2. Why did
Napoleon choose to attack British interest in the eastern Mediterranean? Why was
his
Egyptian
campaign ultimately a failure?
How did it lead to the creation of the Second
Coalition?
3.
Having seized power in a coup d'ˇtat with the Abbˇ Siˇy¸s, how did
Napoleon ultimately
establish
himself as the sole ruler - as First Consul - of
France? How was his
Constitution
of the Year VIII an attempt to appeal to various elements of French
society?
4. In what ways was Napoleon more like the dictators of the
twentieth century than the
emperors of Ancient Rome?
5. In what ways had the various factions of the Third Estate
achieved most of their goals by the
time of the establishment of Napoleon's Consulate in 1799?
6. How did Napoleon restore peace and order to France while
simultaneously suppressing
opposition to his government? How did Napoleon win the support of the former Jacobins?
7. What were the provisions of Napoleon's Concordat of 1801
with Pope Pius VII?
8. What were the provisions of Napoleon's Civil Code of
1804, aka the Napoleonic
Code? How
did the provisions of the Napoleonic Code dealing with the
rights of labor and women
compare with attitudes toward labor and women during the
revolutionary years?
9. Why did Napleon decide to abandon the Consulate and
establish himself as
Emperor
of the French? Why was it symbolically important for Napoleon to place his
crown on his own head during his coronation ceremony?
PEOPLE:
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon
Bonaparte Napoleon
Bonaparte
(General) (First
Consul of the Republic) (Emperor
of France)
Horatio Nelson Pope Pius VII Josˇphine Bonaparte
(British
Admiral) (Empress
of France)
IMAGES:
The Coronation of Josephine Bonaparte by
Jacques-Louis David
NapoleonÕs Empire (630-640)
The Peace of Amiens
(1802), The Third Coalition, The Treaty of Pressburg,
The Berlin
Decrees, The Treaty of
Schoenbrunn
SIGNIFICANT BATTLES OF THE NAPOLEONIC ERA
The War of the First Coalition: Austria, Britain, Holland, Prussia, Sardinia,
Spain
The War of the Second Coalition: Austria, Britain, Ottoman Turkey, Russia
The Battle of the Nile
at Abukir (Aug 1798)
The Battle of Marengo
(Jun 1800)
The Battle of
Hohenlinden (Dec 1800)
The War of the Third Coalition: Austria, Britain, Russia, Sweden
The Battle of Trafalgar
(Oct 1805)
The Battle of Ulm (Oct
1805)
The Battle of
Austerlitz (Dec 1805)
The War of the Fourth Coalition: Prussia, Russia, Saxony
The Battle of
Jena-Auerstedt (Oct 1806)
The Battle of Friedland
(Jun 1807)
The War of the Fifth Coalition: Austria, Britain
The Battle of Wagram
(Jul 1809)
The War of the Sixth Coalition: Austria, Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden
(French ally: the United States, who at the time was
fighting Britain in the War
of 1812.)
The Battle of Borodino
(Sept 1812)
The Battle of Leipzig,
aka "The Battle of Nations" (Oct 1813)
The War of the Seventh Coalition: Austria, Britain, the Netherlands,
Prussia, Russia, Sweden
The Battle of Waterloo
(Jun 1815)
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. How did France's victories in the Napoleonic Wars between
1804-1815 change Europe?
2. What actions led Britain to fear that Napoleon was
planning the renewal of the French
empire in America?
3. What happened at Trafalgar, off the
coast of southern Spain, in 1805?
How did this battle
force
Napoleon to alter his vision of empire?
4. Following his victories at Ulm and Austerlitz, in what
manner did Napoleon reorganize the
political
structure of Germany? What did
this mean for the Holy Roman Empire?
5. How did the Treaty of Tilsit
(1807) alter the European balance of power?
6. How did
Napoleon organize the governing of his conquered empire? How was his
organizational
structure viewed by the rest of Europe?
7. Describe
Napoleon's plan for the Continental System. How was it intended to work, and
what did
he hope it would achieve? Why was
the British economy able to survive Napoleon's
economic
warfare? How did the Continental
System affect the rest of Europe?
8. In what ways
did Napoleon's establishment of a European empire stimulate the forces of
liberalism
and nationalism throughout nineteenth-century Europe?
9. How did
German nationalism and the urging of German intellectuals to resist Napoleon
and
his
reforms contribute to the emergence of the movement to establish a unified
German
state? Why was Prussia the only German state who could hope to arouse such patriotic
feelings?
10. In what
ways did the social and military reforms of Baron vom Stein and Count von
Hardenberg alter Prussian society?
11. Under what
pretext did the French army enter Spain in 1807? Why did it stay?
How did
the
Spanish population respond? How
was the Peninsular War
fought?
12. Why was the
Franco-Russian alliance established in the Treaty of Tilsit unpopular with the
Russian
nobility? What did Russia hope to
gain from the alliance? What
actions of
Napoleon ultimately
soured Alexander's support of France and the Continental System?
13. How did
Alexander I's "scorched-earth"
policy contribute to Russia's defeat of Napoleon's
Grande Armˇe during
the invasion
of Russia? What other factors
contributed to Napoleon's
defeat
in Russia?
14. Why did
Napoleon refuse to come to a negotiated settlement with Metternich and the
European coalition?
PEOPLE:
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon
Bonaparte H.R.E. Francis
II
(Emperor in his
study) (Master
of Europe) (Emperor
of Austria)
Alexander I Frederick
William III Joseph Bonaparte
(Czar of
Russia) (King
of Prussia) (King
of Spain)
Arthur Wellesley Napoleon
Bonaparte
(The Duke of
Wellington) (Abdicated)
IMAGES:
The Third of May by Francisco Goya
The Congress of Vienna (640-642)
The
Treaty of Chaumont, The Quadruple Alliance, The Congress of Vienna,
The Hundred Days, The Holy Alliance
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. Who were the four great powers that conducted the
Congress of Vienna? How did the
Congress deal with France? In what ways did the Congress build up France's neighbors to
serve as barriers to any new French expansionism?
2. Describe the argument that arose among the great powers
over Poland and Saxony? How
was the matter resolved?
3. Why was Napoleon's return from Elba welcomed by the French
people? What did he
promise upon his return?
4. How did the Hundred Days alter the peace settlements at
Vienna?
5. In what ways had the events of the French Revolution and
the Napoleonic Age forced the
Congress
of Vienna to be unlike any peace conference of the past? Consequently, what were
the chief aims of the statesmen at Vienna?
6. Why is the Congress of Vienna considered to have been
remarkably successful in achieving
its goals? For
what reasons has the Congress at times been criticized?
7. Describe the
various changes made by the Congress of Vienna to the map of Europe.
Klemens von Metternich Robert
Stewart Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
(Foreign
Minister of Austria) (Viscount
Castlereagh) (Foreign
Minister of France)
IMAGES:
The Congress of
Vienna