LOS AMIGOS HIGH SCHOOL
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
Unit
XIV: EUROPEAN SOCIAL HISTORY (1350-1730)
European Society in the Pre-Industrial Old Regime (482-493)
sumptuary
laws, Table of Ranks, Charter of the Nobility
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. Why did nobles and peasants each call for the
restoration of traditional, or customary, rights
in pre-revolutionary
Europe?
2.
What type of rights and privileges did 18th century Europeans
enjoy? Identify specific examples.
3.
In what ways was the British nobility unique compared to the nobility of the
rest of Europe?
4.
What differentiated Ònobles of the sword" from Ònobles of the
robe" in pre-revolutionary France?
Who were the hobereaux?
5.
How did the social status and condition of the peasantry of pre-revolution
Europe change
when moving across
the continent from west to east - from Britain to Russia?
6.
Define the following:
banalities? seigneur? corvŽe? robot?
7.
What were the general causes behind peasant revolts of the 18th century, such
as
Pugachev's
Rebellion in Russia? Why were
such revolts generally considered conservative
in nature?
8.
Describe the English game laws.
What was their purpose? How
did the game laws lead to
poaching? Why were the game laws ultimately
altered in 1831?
9. What was the function of women in the
pre-industrial European family economy?
Distinguish between the functions of an
unmarried vs a married woman.
10. Why was marriage usually delayed in
pre-industrial European society?
12. In
what ways did the work of married women differ between city and country?
13. What was meant by the term Òeconomy of
expedientsÓ?
14.
What were foundling
hospitals? For what reasons
were children typically abandoned?
Day
2:
Edict on Idle Institutions, Pietism
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
Kagan (492-493) & McKay (665-685)
15. In what ways did attitudes toward children
begin to change during the 18th century?
How
did this new attitude differ from
attitudes of the old regime?
16. Why, well into the 18th century, was the welfare
of young children often of minor concern to
their parents and to society?
17. What was the basic patters of eighteenth
century child-rearing? How did the
idealism of the
Enlightenment - in particular, of critics
of this behavior, such as Jean Jacques Rousseau
-
attempt to change these behavioral
patterns?
18. How and why did the Protestant Reformation
promote popular literacy throughout Europe?
What types of literature
were being widely read by the general population?
19. Describe the concept of the "just
price." How did it conflict
with the emerging late 18th
century free-market philosophy of
unregulated supply and demand?
20. While bread was considered the "staff of
life," what role did fruits, meats, and vegetables
play in the typical pre-modern European diet? Why did meats provide such a small
percentage of the diet of the lower classes?
21. In what ways did the typical diet of the rich
differ from that of the poor? How
did diets
differ between city workers and
peasants? How did diets differ
regionally in Europe?
22. As a result of their respective diets, what
kinds of dietary problems were typically
experienced by Europe's rich and
poor? What is scurvy?
23. In what ways did the potato transform European
diets and health? In what ways did
sugar
transform European diets and health?
24. What were the respective roles of each of the following
types of medical practitioners in
pre-modern Europe: faith healers, apothecaries, and
midwives?
25. What was purging and bloodletting, and how did
both practices help "in speeding patients
to their graves"?
26. In what ways did surgeons contribute to medical
knowledge of their day? What were
the
basic difficulties faced by surgeons in
performing their duties?
27. Describe conditions within a typical pre-modern
European hospital.
28. Describe the process by which smallpox was conquered during
the 18th century.
29. Why, even though the critical spirit of the
Enlightenment had spread among the educated
elite of Europe in the 18th century,
did most Europeans remain firmly committed to the
Christian religion?
30. What was the role of the local parish church
and priest in fostering religious devotion within
European community life?
31. How did Luther's concept of a "priesthood
of all believers" alter the relationship between the
clergy and the people?
32. How did the Reformation, initially so radical
in its rejection of Rome and its stress on
individual religious experience,
eventually result in a bureaucratization of the church and
local religious life in Protestant Europe?
33. How did the Reformation encourage secular
Catholic rulers to increase their power over
"their" churches and, by the 18th
century, to begin to impose striking reforms?
34. How did the Jesuits ultimately elicit a broad
coalition of political enemies?
35. Why did some rulers, such as Joseph II of
Austria, turn their reforming efforts on
monasteries and convents?
36. In what ways had the Protestant Reformation
suppressed Medieval practices which they
considered nonessential or
erroneous? In what three ways did
the Protestant revival of the
17th century - known as Pietism - attempt to restore
the original inspiration of the
Reformation and address the unsatisfied
religious needs of the common people?
37. In what ways was the Methodist Christianity of
John Wesley a rejection of both Enlightened
rationalism as well as the doctrines of Calvinism?
38. In what ways did Catholic piety differ from
Protestant religious practices around the start
of the 18th century?
39. What purposes did religious festivals and
processions, such as Carnival,
serve in Catholic
community life and popular culture?
40. What types of amusements and leisure activities
were pursued by 18th century Europeans?
How did organized religion react to such activities? How did "educated" views
toward such
activities intensify class conflict?
PEOPLE:
Emalyan Pugachev Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu Edward Jenner
The Witch Hunts of the 16th Century (474-475
& 477)
LITERATURE:
Malleus Maleficarum by Heinrich Kraemer and James Sprenger
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. What positive role did the so-called cunning
folk in pre-industrial village societies?
2. What types of people were most likely to make
claims of possessing magical powers?
3.
How and why did the Catholic Church promote belief in the existence of magic
and demons?
4.
In what ways was the attacking of witches beneficial to the position of the
Church in
European society?
5.
Why were women the primary victims of Europe's witch hunts and panics?
6. What role might the Reformation have played in
both bringing about these hunts and panics,
and well as in helping to
bring them to an end?
The Agricultural Revolution (493-497)
WH9H Unit III PowerPoint
Slides
LITERATURE (* Not in Flash-Cards)
*Annals of Agriculture by Arthur Young
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS:
1. What was the main goal of traditional peasant
society, and why did the tillers of the land
typically resist change?
2. How did eighteenth century increases in bread
prices, spurred largely by population growth,
impact the European poor, the working-class, and the landowners?
3. Why did the drive to improve agricultural
production begin in the Low Countries?
What
advances were made by the Dutch?
4. Describe the contributions of the British
agricultural innovators.
5. Why was the consolidation or enclosure of farm
lands sought by many British landlords
during the 18th century?
What were the enclosures intended to do? What did the process
involve?
6. How was the enclosure movement
legalized in Britain? What impact
would the enclosure
movement have on British society?
7. How did the commercialization of agriculture
strain the paternal relationship between the
governing and the governed classes of European society?
8. How did efforts to improve agriculture differ
between east and west? What
improvements
were accomplished in Eastern Europe?
9. How did the European population explosion
spur both the Agricultural and Industrial
Revolutions?
10. Though debate exists over its precise causes,
what factors do scholars generally accept for
having caused Europe's population
explosion?
11. What impact would the population explosion have
on European society?
PEOPLE:
