LOS AMIGOS HIGH SCHOOL
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
Unit
XVI: MODERN EUROPEAN THOUGHT (1882-1914)
The Rise of Political Feminism
National Union of
Women's Suffrage Societies, Women's
Social and Political Union,
suffragettes, The Contagious
Diseases Act
LITERATURE (* Not in Flash-Cards)
A
Vindication of the Rights of Woman
by Mary Wollstonecraft
The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor
*The Century of the Child by Ellen Key
*The Renaissance of Motherhood by Ellen Key
*A Room of One's Own by Virginia Woolf
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Kagan
(777-780 & 820-824)
- Why did male liberals fear the granting of suffrage
to women?
- Why were some women
reluctant to support the feminist movement?
- How did liberal
society and law provide feminists with their intellectual and
political tools?
- Where was EuropeÕs
most advanced women's movement?
Why was it so?
- How did Emmeline PankhurstÕs
movement different from that of Millicent Fawcett?
- Who were the suffragettes,
and what did they do? How and when were their goals
achieved?
- In what ways was
the British womenÕs movement move advance than that of
Germany and France?
- In what ways did conservative
and hostile perceptions of women manifest themselves
within the European scientific
community?
- Which major
theorists believed that womenÕs role in reproduction and child rearing
demanded a social position inferior to
men?
- What was the
Contagious Diseases Act? Who did
it intend to protect? What were
the act's effects?
- In what ways did
feminists challenge the traditional relationship betwen men and
women in marriage?
- Early advocates
of contraception were influenced by what type of socialism? Why?
- What feminist issues were addressed in Virginia
Woolf's book, A Room of OneÕs Own?
PEOPLE:
John
Stuart Mill Millicent Fawcett Emmeline Pankhurst
Hubertine Auclert T. H. Huxley Ellen Key
European Religion at the Turn of the Century
LITERATURE (* Not in Flash-Cards)
*The
Life of Jesus by David Friedrich
Strauss
The Syllabus of Errors by Pope Pius IX
Rerum
Novarum by Pope Leo XIII
*The Jewish State by Theodor Herzl
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Kagan
(800-803 & 780-781 & 818-819)
CHRISTIANITY
- What organizational challenges were faced by
Europe's Christian churches during the 19th
century?
- On what grounds were 19th century intellectual
attacks on Christianity based? How
did the
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche characterize Christianity?
- 19th century conflict between church and state
was primarily over what issue? How
did the
Education Act of 1902 expand the reforms of the Education Act of
1870? How did France's
Ferry
Laws alter the role of the French Catholic Church in French public schools?
- What did Bismarck fear which led him to act
against the role of the Church in German public
education? What actions did
Bismarck take against the Church?
Why did Bismarck's
Kulturkampf, or
"cultural struggle," against the Catholic Church fail?
- What did Pope Pius IX seek to achieve in issuing
his Syllabus of
Errors in 1864? What was
achieved at the First Vatican Council
of 1869?
- What was the goal of the corporate society
advocated by Pope Leo XIII in his book, Rerum
Novarum? How did Catholics
begin to organize themselves politically following Leo XIII's
pronouncements?
JUDAISM
-
When, where, and under whose leadership did Jewish emancipation
first occur in Europe?
What restrictions were, still, usually
placed on Jews? Where did the
traditional modes of
prejudice and discrimination against
Jews continue unabated until World War I?
What is a
-
Describe the political and social advances made by European Jews in the decades
following
the
revolutions of 1848. How did life
for Western European Jews differ from that of Eastern
European Jews?
- Why, after so much progress, was there a new,
rabid outbreak of anti-Semitism
in late 19th
century Europe? Why did
some racial thought of the day suggest that Jews were a danger to
society?
- What were the goals of Zionism, and toward whom was
the movement directed?
PEOPLE:
Friedrich Nietzsche Jules Ferry Otto von Bismarck
Pope Pius IX Pope Leo XIII Theodor Herzl
Literacy and Literature at the Turn of the Century
LITERATURE (* Not in Flash-Cards)
*Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
*Oliver
Twist by Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
Madame
Bovary by Gustave Flaubert
Germinal by mile Zola
A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen
Man and Superman by George Bernard Shaw
*Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
*To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
*In Search of Time
Past by Marcel Proust
The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann
*Dubliners by James Joyce
*A
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce
Ulysses by James Joyce
*Finnegans Wake by James Joyce
The Birth of Tragedy by Friedrich Nietzsche
Thus Spake
Zarathustra by Friedrich
Nietzsche
*Beyond Good
and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche
*The Genealogy of
Morals by Friedrich Nietzsche
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Kagan
(796-799 & 805-806 & 813-818)
- Which areas of Europe were most successful in
combating illiteracy during the 19th century?
Which
regions were least successful?
- What was most responsible for the generation of a
society learned in the basic skills of
reading, writing, and elementary arithmetic? Why was such minimal training regarded as
necessary?
- What factors permitted the popularization of
knowledge which has become a hallmark of the
contemporary world?
- Describe the basic features of the Realism movement in 19th
century literature. Compare
the
basic themes portrayed by the earlier generation of realist writers with those
portrayed by
the
major figures of late-19th century realism. Identify the realist writers of the 19th century.
- Describe the basic features of the Modernism movement in 19th
century literature, art, and
music. Identify artists who
contributed to each discipline.
- Who belonged to the Bloomsbury Group? What beliefs did they share?
- Describe the "stream of
consciousness" format of writing utilized by the French modernist
Marcel Proust.
- What contributions did James Joyce make to
literature in general in his 1922 novel, Ulysses?
- Why was Modernism - which began in the pre-World
War I period - able to flourish in the
post-World War I era? Why
were readers of Modernist novels no longer shocked by their
content following the war?
- What aspects of 19th century society were
attacked in the writings of the German philosopher
Friedrich Nietzsche?
Describe Nietzsche's concept of the bermensch, or
superman? How
might
someone such as Adolf Hitler utilize such a concept?
- Describe Nietzsche's opinion toward morality in
human society.
PEOPLE:
Charles Dickens Honor de Balzac George Eliot
(Mary
Ann Evans)
Gustave Flaubert mile Zola Henrik Ibsen
George Bernard Shaw Virginia Woolf Marcel Proust
Thomas Mann James Joyce Friedrich Nietzsche
The New Science at the Turn of the Century
LITERATURE (*Not in
Flash-Cards)
The
Positive Philosophy by Auguste
Comte
The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
The
Descent of Man by Charles Darwin
*The
Interpretation of Dreams by
Sigmund Freud
*Modern Man in Search of a Soul by Carl Jung
The
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
*Essay
on the Inequality of the Human Races
by Arthur de Gobineau
*Foundations of the Nineteenth Century by Houston Stewart Chamberlain
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Kagan
(797-799 & 805-806 & 813-818)
-
Describe the three states of human intellectual development that made up Auguste Comte's
philosophy of Positivism. What state had physical science entered
by Comte's time, and how
did he expect society to be affected?
- Describe Darwin's theory of natural selection. How did the genetic discoveries of
Gregor
Mendel support Darwin's theory?
How did Darwin's concept of a world in a constant state of
flux
and change influence late 19th century societal attitudes?
- In what ways did Darwinism challenge the
existence and role of God in the universe?
- Describe Herbert Spencer's concept of
evolutionary ethics, or "Social Darwinism." Over time,
what
were Spencer's theories used to justify?
How did T.H. Huxley counter the thinking of
Spencer?
- Identify, and briefly describe, the scientific
discoveries of each of the following:
Wilhelm Roentgen, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Werner Heisenberg.
- Why did scientists, from the late 19th century
onward, become the most successful group of
Western intellectuals in gaining the financial support of governments
and private institutions
for
the pursuit of their research?
- What techniques and practices did Freud adopt in
developing the science of psychoanalysis?
- Describe Freud's theory of infantile sexuality,
as well as his conclusions regarding the
purpose and character of dreams.
- Describe Freud's new model of the internal
organization of the human mind, identifying the
id, the ego, and the
superego.
- In what ways did the theories and beliefs of Carl
Jung, previously a student of Freud, differ
from
those of his teacher?
- What did Weber regard as the basic feature of
modern social life? Describe
Weber's
theory. What example did
Weber use to argue that non-economic factors might account for
major
developments in human history - in direct opposition to the theories of Karl
Marx?
- Based on what "evidence" was the
existence of an ancient Aryan
race postulated in the late
18th
century?
- What did Gobineau blame for the troubles Western
civilization faced in the 19th century?
Why
was he deeply pessimistic about the future?
- How were the racial theories of Chamberlain more
optimistic than those of Gobineau?
- Describe the new nationalism which developed
in Europe from the 1870s onward.
During
which
two periods of European history would this new nationalism prove to be the most
powerful
ideology of the time?